a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world; an organized system of accepted knowledge that applies in a variety of circumstances to explain a specific set of phenomena

自然界のある側面に関する十分に裏付けされた説明。特定の現象を説明するために、さまざまな状況で適用される受け入れられた知識の体系。

(economics) the theory that a person or firm seeks to make money by manipulating the economic environment rather than by making a profit through production or trade

（経済学）人や企業が生産や取引を通じて利益を上げるのではなく、経済環境を操作することで利益を追求する理論

an economic theory holding that variations in unemployment and the rate of inflation are usually caused by changes in the supply of money

失業率やインフレ率の変動が通常、貨幣供給量の変化によって引き起こされるとする経済理論

the theory that an increasing consumption of goods is economically beneficial

物品の消費の増加が経済的に有益であるという理論

Malthus' theory that population increase would outpace increases in the means of subsistence

人口の増加が生活手段の増加を上回るとするマルサスの理論

an economic theory advocating free competition and a self-regulating market

自由競争と自己規制する市場を推奨する経済理論

the branch of social science that deals with the production and distribution and consumption of goods and services and their management

財やサービスの生産、分配、消費及びその管理を扱う社会科学の一分野

the branch of social science that deals with the production and distribution and consumption of goods and services and their management

財やサービスの生産、分配、消費及びその管理を扱う社会科学の一分野